Conditional Access is a Microsoft feature, which (at its simplest) enforces rules for user logon.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/conditional-access/overview
For example, as an Australian business you may make a set of rules like:
- A user cannot login outside of Australia
- They must use strong MFA to logon
- Their logon sessions only last 2 days at maximum
- Their user does not have any "At Risk" warnings against it
This is a fail to safety approach. Rather than enabling features per user, it sets it at an organisation level.
A new team member joins the company, and their first logon makes them set up MFA.
If they are phished, or compromised, their logon only works within a very small part of the world.
They need to reauthenticate once a week.
Any automated flags against their account forces investigation.